George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is a political satire written for its time (the late 1940s). Orwell extrapolates the totalitarian direction of the Stalinism of his day, and imagines what would happen if it were combined with ubiquitous surveillance technology. In the world of the novel, truth is no longer a constant, an unchangeable record of how things really are. Instead, "truth" varies from day to day according to the requirements of the Party. If the size of the crowd at a certain event was declared, by the Party, to have been the greatest ever - why, then, it was the greatest ever, and any historical record suggesting otherwise needed to be adjusted [this example is not an actual incident from Nineteen Eighty-Four, but a similar though more extreme "changing of gears" occurs at the beginning of the crucial Chapter IX of the book]. In fact, the Ministry of Truth, where the book's hero, Winston Smith, works, has as one of its main functions this continuous 'adjustment' of the historical record. Winston rebels, but by the end of the book he has been brought back into line; he will declare even that 2+2=5 if his Party torturer demands it.
The Formal Gardens, and Beyond
-
I visited an old estate today Whose gardens, much acclaimed throughout the
world, Spread out beyond the gated entranceway In scenic splendors
gradually unf...
1 hour ago