You've probably heard about
moral foundations theory, which is described in detail in Jonathan Haidt's book
The Righteous Mind. Simply put, this theory suggests that human moral judgments are points in a higher-dimensional space: we don't just evaluate actions or policies along a "good/bad" axis but along several different axes such as "care/harm", "fairness/cheating", "liberty/oppression", "purity/disgust", "authority/subversion" and so on. These axes (okay, I know that a high-dimensional space does not come with a preferred coordinate system, but bear with me) are referred to as "moral foundations".
It's been suggested further that the cultural-ideological fissures evident at least in American society are tied to the relative weighting of these moral foundations: "progressives", it is said, prioritize the Care and Fairness foundations almost exclusively, whereas "conservatives" give the other foundations equal weight with these two. I find this helpful in terms of understanding the different ways in which people think.